LJUBLJANA - ZAGREB - BELGRADE
1987/2009, acrylic on felt canvas, 280 x 195 cm
Unique work
Instrumentality of the State Machine – Ljubljana - Zagreb - Belgrade, painted, signed, and stamped by Laibach
This painting is a blown-up version of a black and white poster of the 1987 tour of Yugoslavia called "Bloody Ground – Fertile Land", based on Laibach’s 1985 song. The poster’s original name was “Ljubljana – Zagreb – Belgrade”.
In 1987 when Slobodan Milošević was already championing the nationalist policy of Greater Serbia and general nationalist and economic tensions in Yugoslavia were escalating, the break-up of the country no longer seemed very far away. At the 12th Congress in Krško, the Union of Socialist Youth of Slovenia (ZSMS) submitted a request to lift the ban on the use of the name Laibach and allow the group to function normally. The ban was lifted the following year and on 25th September 1987 Laibach, at the invitation of the UK ZSMS (University Conference of the ZSMS), gave a concert under its own name at the Golovec Hall in Celje. On this occasion (in collaboration with the NK - New Collectivism studio) a poster was created, the design of which is also the basis for this present painting. It shows Yugoslavia as an 'empty space', with fire burning all around, mercilessly surrounding the country. The figure of the dove dominates the foreground, but it gives the impression that it is perhaps more 'trapped' in the hands, looking as if it is no great hurry to reach freedom or peace that it represents.
The present painting itself was created in 2008–2009 as part of a larger installation, entitled “Instrumentality of the State Machine”, which Laibach first presented in this setting in 2009 at their extensive retrospective exhibition “AUSSTELLUNG! LAIBACH KUNST – RECAPITULATION”, at the Muzeum Sztuki Gallery of Modern Art in Łódź, Poland, and later as well in an exhibition in Zagreb, at Dom HDLU 2011, entitled “AUSSTELLUNG! LAIBACH KUNST – Ceci n'est pas Malevich”.
Created by members of Laibach, signed with four names (Eber, Saliger, Dachauer and Keller), and stamped with the group's emblem as well as their collective signature.
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Laibach first presented the motifs of the Red Districts in 1980 at the Delavski dom (Workers' Home) culture centre in Trbovlje – at an exhibition that never took place (because it was banned by the local municipal authorities). Subsequently, Laibach presented the same motifs at their first exhibitions in Belgrade (Srećna galerija, 1981), Ljubljana (ŠKUC Gallery, 1982), and Zagreb (PM Gallery, 1983).
In the following decades, the group showed various variations of the Red Districts in some of their major exhibitions. In 2009, eight motifs were printed on aluminium plates and presented at retrospectives of their visual work in Łódź (Muzeum Sztuki, 2009), Maribor (UGM, 2011), Zagreb (HDLU, 2011), as well as in Olomouc (Galerie Caesar, 2016) and some other galleries.
The original linocuts represent historical motifs from the so-called Red Districts, as the industrial basin of Slovenia in the Zasavje region is called, which encompasses the towns of Trbovlje, Zagorje, and Hrastnik, i.e. the environmental area where the band Laibach were formed in 1980. These ‘industrial’ motifs became part of the basic aesthetic content of Laibach, which never denied their industrial-cultural origins, and after the formal establishment of the broader umbrella art formation Neue Slowenische Kunst (1984–1992), these motifs were adopted and appropriated from Laibach by other NSK groups, most notably by the Irwin painting group.