THE CEMENT FACTORY
1980/2009, acrylic on carpet, 280 x 280 cm
Unique work
Instrumentality of the State Machine – The Cement Factory, painted, signed, and stamped by Laibach
The Trbovlje Cement Factory is one of the oldest companies in Slovenia, having been in operation since 1876, when the first clinker kiln for cement production was commissioned. Local limestone-rich deposits and the proximity to the railway and the Sava River presented excellent conditions for cement production. After the end of the Second World War, during which cement production fell sharply, the Cement Works was part of the Trbovlje Coal Company. In 1947, however, it was nationalised and in 1950 the first Workers' Council of the factory was elected. By 1951, the Cement factory produced between 110,000 and 120,000 tonnes of cement annually, which led to it being awarded the Transitional Flag and the recognition of the Government of the Federative People's Republic of Yugoslavia as the best collective within the cement industry in Yugoslavia.
Some of the members of Laibach had been on work experience at the plant in the 1970s prior to the group being founded.
The Cement Factory is the central art piece of the Instrumentality of the State Machine installation. The present painting itself was created in 2008–2009 as part of a larger installation, entitled “Instrumentality of the State Machine”, which Laibach presented in this setting in 2009 at their extensive retrospective exhibition “AUSSTELLUNG! LAIBACH KUNST – RECAPITULATION”, at the Muzeum Sztuki Gallery of Modern Art in Łódź, Poland, and later as well in an exhibition in Zagreb, at Dom HDLU 2011, entitled “AUSSTELLUNG! LAIBACH KUNST – Ceci n'est pas Malevich” and elsewhere.
Created by members of Laibach, signed with four names (Eber, Saliger, Dachauer and Keller), and stamped with the group's emblem as well as their collective signature.
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Laibach first presented the motifs of the Red Districts in 1980 at the Delavski dom (Workers' Home) culture centre in Trbovlje – at an exhibition that never took place (because it was banned by the local municipal authorities). Subsequently, Laibach presented the same motifs at their first exhibitions in Belgrade (Srećna galerija, 1981), Ljubljana (ŠKUC Gallery, 1982), and Zagreb (PM Gallery, 1983).
In the following decades, the group showed various variations of the Red Districts in some of their major exhibitions. In 2009, eight motifs were printed on aluminium plates and presented at retrospectives of their visual work in Łódź (Muzeum Sztuki, 2009), Maribor (UGM, 2011), Zagreb (HDLU, 2011), as well as in Olomouc (Galerie Caesar, 2016) and some other galleries.
The original linocuts represent historical motifs from the so-called Red Districts, as the industrial basin of Slovenia in the Zasavje region is called, which encompasses the towns of Trbovlje, Zagorje, and Hrastnik, i.e. the environmental area where the band Laibach were formed in 1980. These ‘industrial’ motifs became part of the basic aesthetic content of Laibach, which never denied their industrial-cultural origins, and after the formal establishment of the broader umbrella art formation Neue Slowenische Kunst (1984–1992), these motifs were adopted and appropriated from Laibach by other NSK groups, most notably by the Irwin painting group.